Aim: To evaluate the pattern of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities among women of reproductive age presenting with infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh and to determine the association of abnormal HSG findings with selected demographic and clinical variables.Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational study was designed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College, Basti, Uttar Pradesh. For the present manuscript, a cohort of 200 women of reproductive age presenting with primary or secondary infertility was considered. HSG was performed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle following exclusion of pregnancy, active pelvic inflammatory disease and significant vaginal bleeding. A water-soluble iodinated contrast medium was introduced through a cervical cannula under aseptic precautions, and serial radiographs were obtained to evaluate the cervical canal, uterine cavity, fallopian tubes and peritoneal spill. Results: Primary infertility was present in 112 (56.0%) women and secondary infertility in 88 (44.0%). Overall, abnormal HSG findings were observed in 78 (39.0%) women, while 122 (61.0%) had a normal HSG. Tubal abnormalities were the predominant abnormality, observed in 61 (30.5%) women. Unilateral tubal blockage was the most frequent individual tubal abnormality (21.0%), followed by peritubal adhesions/loculated spill (15.0%), hydrosalpinx (10.5%) and bilateral tubal blockage (7.5%). Uterine abnormalities were identified in 24 (12.0%) women, with uterine filling defects suggestive of submucosal fibroid/polyp being the most common. Abnormal HSG findings were more frequent among women aged ≥35 years than among younger women (51.6% vs 34.1%, p=0.018). Bilateral tubal blockage was also significantly associated with age ≥35 years (p=0.031). No statistically significant association was observed between overall abnormal HSG findings and type of infertility (p=0.21).Conclusion: In this cohort, tubal abnormalities constituted the predominant HSG abnormality among women undergoing infertility evaluation. HSG provided simultaneous assessment of uterine cavity morphology and tubal patency and therefore remains a useful first-line radiological investigation in appropriately selected women with infertility

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an established treatment for end-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Medial-pivot (MP) prostheses were developed to reproduce the relatively stable medial compartment and rotational behavior of the native knee, whereas posterior-stabilized (PS) implants use a cam-post mechanism to substitute for posterior cruciate ligament function. Aim: To compare the clinical, functional and patient-reported outcomes of MP and PS total knee arthroplasty over a two-year follow-up period. Methods: A prospective comparative study of 100 patients undergoing primary TKA for symptomatic end-stage osteoarthritis was designed. Fifty patients underwent MP-TKA and 50 underwent PS-TKA. Clinical evaluation included range of motion (ROM), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS) and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). Assessments were performed preoperatively and at one and two years after surgery. Results: Both groups demonstrated substantial postoperative improvement. At two years, mean ROM was higher in the MP group than the PS group (116.0° ± 3.5° vs 113.5° ± 4.6°, p=0.003). Mean OKS was 43.5 ± 4.1 versus 41.8 ± 4.3 (p=0.046). KSS clinical scores were 83.7 ± 6.0 versus 81.0 ± 5.7 (p=0.023). FJS was 81.1 ± 5.5 versus 76.4 ± 4.6 (p<0.001). Anterior knee pain, instability and clicking were numerically more frequent in the PS group. Conclusion: Both MP and PS TKA provided substantial improvement. The illustrative analysis demonstrates a potential advantage of MP-TKA in postoperative ROM, patient-reported function, joint awareness and selected mechanical complications.

Background: Occupational stress among healthcare professionals is commonly assessed using self-report instruments, while wearable heart rate variability (HRV) offers an objective measure of autonomic response. Objective: To compare resting and duty-period HRV and determine its relationship with perceived stress. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 healthcare professionals aged 21–60 years at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Participants underwent baseline assessment, wearable HRV monitoring during routine clinical duty, and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) assessment. Heart rate, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio were evaluated. Results: Mean heart rate increased from 74.2±8.6 to 88.7±10.9 beats/min during duty (p<0.001), while SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 and HF power decreased significantly. High-stress participants had RMSSD 21.0±8.7 ms compared with 43.6±12.9 ms in the low-stress group (p<0.001). PSS-10 correlated most strongly with RMSSD (r=-0.58, p<0.001). Conclusion: Wearable-derived HRV, particularly RMSSD, showed a consistent inverse association with perceived occupational stress and may complement questionnaire-based assessment

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that commonly affects adolescents and adults, often resulting in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, scarring, and significant psychosocial distress. Chemical peels have emerged as effective adjunctive treatment modalities because of their keratolytic, comedolytic, anti-inflammatory, and sebostatic properties. Among the available agents, the combination of salicylic acid and mandelic acid (SAMA peel) and acetic acid-based Black peel are widely used; however, comparative evidence regarding their efficacy and safety remains limited. Aim and Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of 20% salicylic acid–mandelic acid (SAMA) peel versus 8% acetic acid (Black peel) in the treatment of mild to severe acne vulgaris.Materials and Methods: A prospective observational split-face comparative study was conducted on 30 patients with mild to severe acne vulgaris from March 2023 to December 2023 at a tertiary care hospital. SAMA peel was applied to the right side of the face, while Black peel was applied to the left side at 15-day intervals for six sessions. Patients were evaluated over 12 weeks using the Michaelson Acne Score (MAS), adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among the 30 participants, females predominated (24/30), and Grade II acne was the most common presentation (23/30). Oily skin (26 patients) and stress (21 patients) were the most frequent associated risk factors. The mean MAS decreased from 37.3 to 9.2 on the SAMA-treated side and from 34.2 to 7.7 on the Black peel-treated side after 12 weeks. Most patients were satisfied with both treatments, with no participant reporting dissatisfaction. SAMA peel was associated with more dryness (6 vs. 2), erythema (4 vs. 0), and burning (2 vs. 0), whereas irritation occurred equally in both groups (1 each). Conclusion: Both SAMA peel and Black peel were effective and well-tolerated treatment modalities for mild to severe acne vulgaris. While both demonstrated significant clinical improvement and high patient satisfaction, Black peel showed a comparatively better safety profile with fewer treatment-related adverse effects, making it a promising alternative for the management of acne vulgaris.

Background: Edentulism significantly impairs oral function, aesthetics, and quality of life in elderly patients. Conventional complete dentures often present limitations in retention and stability, whereas implant-supported overdentures offer improved prosthetic performance. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction between complete dentures and implant-supported overdentures in patients aged 50–70 years. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted among 100 completely edentulous patients divided into two groups: complete denture (n=50) and implant-supported overdenture (n=50). After a 3-month adaptation period, patient satisfaction was assessed using a standardized questionnaire evaluating comfort, stability, mastication, aesthetics, and overall satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Implant-supported overdentures showed significantly higher satisfaction scores compared to complete dentures across all parameters. Mean overall satisfaction was 8.7 ± 0.8 in the implant group versus 6.6 ± 1.3 in the complete denture group (p<0.001). Comfort, stability, and masticatory efficiency were also significantly improved in the implant group (p<0.001). Patients with implant overdentures demonstrated better ability to chew hard foods and reported higher aesthetic satisfaction. Conclusion: Implant-supported overdentures provide superior functional and patient-reported outcomes compared to conventional complete dentures. They significantly enhance comfort, stability, and quality of life, making them a preferred treatment modality for edentulous patients aged 50–70 years, despite higher cost and surgical considerations.